First of all. . . it's completely natural to be a bit freaked by changing up your life like that, you're not the first person to come to these boards or any other board and look for some advice, encouragement, and hope for your plans to go abroad. So.....you're not alone.
If you've signed up for a TEFL course then you will undoubtedly meet about 15 other people from the UK, US, or Australia. English speaking friend network: covered.
If you're unattached and don't have any real solid plans of where to go from here in terms of life.....GO FOR IT! What's the worst thing that could possibly happen? You hate it and you resume life as normal where you are and you've only sacrificed a month of your life. But what's the BEST thing that could happen? You love teaching, you love Barcelona, you make a ton of new adventurous people like yourself who aren't afraid to make changes and experience new things, you learn some Spanish and maybe even Catalan, your scope of the world and of other cultures is enhanced dramatically, and you walk away from a month or a year or five years with an experience that most people couldn't ever even dream of having.
My advice is to strap on the courage and JUST DO IT!!! You'll never know until you try. I'm 31 years old and was in a HUGE rut and sold everything I had and went to another country without knowing the language or a single person and did my CELTA course and I can say without flinching that it was the singlemost transformative (is that a word?) experience of my young life. Things just won't ever be the same.
You never know what's behind this door. Open it an just see! And good luck.